Landslide Prone Regions in India: A. Himalayan region The Western Himalayas (Jammu & Kashmir, Uttaranchal, Himachal Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh) The Eastern & North-eastern Himalayas (Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and West Bengal) The Naga-Arakkan Mountain belt (Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram and Tripura). 3. Burzil Pass. This year UPSC asked about mining industries, IT industries, and Antarctic glaciers. Road construction and mining. It also suggests that the debris is not influenced by Air, water, or Ice to move from place to place. Landslides are caused by geology, morphology and human activity. The temperature in the NW Himalayan Region has risen by 1.6°C in the last century. India accounts for 20% of these cases. Of these, 77% occurred during the monsoon. I n India, the mountainous and hilly areas in 16 States and in two Union Territories in the Himalayan region, sub-Himalayan parts of the northeast and in Western Ghats are landslide-prone. Landslide Susceptibility mapping of Himalayas. Reduced Albedo: As glacier cover is replaced by water or land, the amount of light reflected decreases further aggravating warming of atmosphere As per the Geological Survey of India, around 15% of Indian landmass is prone to landslides.The landslide prone areas listed by the National Disaster Management Authority include Himalayan states, Arakan-Yoma belt in the north east, Meghalaya plateau, Western Ghats and Nilgiri hills. Since, Himalayas are the young fold mountains or V-shaped valley, caused by the collision of Indo-Australian plate with the Eurasian plate, also are highly prone to landslides which leads heavy loss of both life & property. Questions from geography were mainly from expected areas. But the debris moves the water, ice, and Air. They are a type of mass wasting, which denotes any downward movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity. It remains snowbound during winter because its elevation is more than 6000 meters. They are a type of mass wasting, which denotes any downward movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity. Qara Tag La is the offshoot of ancient Silk Route. This accumulated mass of landslide debris resulting in the blockage of a river is commonly termed as a Landslide dam. Although, it makes first time entry in the paper 3. We knew that people were putting increasing pressure on the local community, but . Towards the end of monsoon, vast areas of Sikkim and West Bengal were destroyed by some 20,000 landslides killing 33,000 people. For instance, 97.42% of the total geographical area of Himachal Pradesh is prone to landslides, according to the Geological survey of India. A prolonged spell of rainfall can cause heavy landslide that can block the flow of river for quite some time. Volcanic eruptions also trigger landslides in the mountainous regions. In news China'sRecent tragic death of nine tourists in a landslip in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh. . Landslides are one type of Terrestrial natural disaster. Asked in UPSC Civil Services IAS/IPS Mains Exam General Studies Paper3 (GSM3)-2019. (a) Bring out the causes for more frequent occurrence of landslides in the Himalayas than in the Western Ghats. According to the study, 15% of the region is highly susceptible to landslides. However, the factors for the two differ, as seen in the following table: Landslide as a challenge has grown in the recent years, due to anthropogenic activities. The study states that fatal soil erosion is on the rise in India, where landslides caused by construction occur during this period, followed by China (9%), Pakistan (6%), the Philippines (5%), Nepal (5%) and Malaysia (5%).). Landslides often occur in mountain regions while making roads and construction; a large number of rocks has to be removed, which can cause landslides over . The Char Dham road project, inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in 2016, is an ambitious attempt to widen nearly 900 kilometres of hill roads at the cost of ₹12,000 crore. 11 and the results shows that the ranges of very low and low elevation of below 1300 m and 1300-2600 m accounts for a maximum of 80.77% of precipitation induced landslides in the Western Himalayas followed by the Central Himalayas at 77.41% and the . When landslides occur on the slopes of a river valley, the sliding mass may reach the bottom of the valley and cause partial or complete blockage of the river channel. On the other hand, of the total landslides triggered by rainfall, 16% were reported from India. Landslides in Himachal Pradesh Landslides are simply defined as the mass movement of rock, debris or earth down a slope. A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. Himalayan region is situated at the confluence of the Indian plate in south and the Eurasian plate in North and hence it is highly geodynamic.This unstability throughout the year makes it prone to landslides which are large scale hazardous movement of rock and debris down the slope of a mountain. Shrinking of the glaciers has been a . One, the Himalayas are tectonically active. The Malpa landslide was one of the worst landslides in India.On 18 August 1998 at 3.00 a.m., massive landslides wiped away the entire village of Malpa in the Pithoragarh district of Uttarakhand, then in Uttar Pradesh in Kali Valley of Higher Kumaon division of the Himalayas.The rockfall started on 16 August bringing down huge rocks which initially killed three mules. Geologists define a landslide as "a natural phenomenon causing the downward and outward movement of slope materials like rocks, soil and so on under the influence of gravity." Erosion by rivers, weakening of rocks and soils by torrential rains heighten a region's susceptibility to landslides. Many Himalayan rivers are in their youthful stage in the upper course and causes erosion of mountainous region. Landslides can be classified into two main types, viz. Threats faced by Himalayan Biodiversity; About Himalayan Biodiversity. ( UPSC 2021 geography paper 1, 10 Marks, 150 words) Differentiate the causes of landslides in the Himalayan region and the Western Ghats. Suggest measures to mitigate landslides. Some major recent incidents are Kerala (2018), Himachal Pradesh (2018 . Plus, land which is naturally prone to excessive rainfall, like Kerala, suffers . The country temporarily lost about 20 per cent of its hydropower capacity and more than 30 hydropower projects were damaged. These are typically steeper slopes with less stable soils or . For example, in the Himalayas, the tremor occurred because earthquakes unstabilized the mountains, which led to landslides. 5. Landslide prone areas in India. P rone to frequent floods and extreme meteorological conditions, mountain regions of South India, especially Karnataka and Kerala have been of late rattled by large-scale landslides that have literally washed away villages and towns. Recently, a report titled The Hidden Cost of Hydropower: environmental hazards and risks of tunnelling, excavation and construction in Run of the River Hydropower Projects in Himachal Pradesh was released. Some major recent incidents are Kerala (2018), Himachal Pradesh (2018), Uttarakhand (2018), Tamenglong-Manipur (2018), and Kalikhola, Manipur (June 2017). The entire Himalayan ranges are prone to landslides and these areas where projects are going on are extremely vulnerable to landslides. The Himalayan regions encounter abrupt tectonic activities that are responsible for the loosening of the soil and eventually cause landslides. About 70 hydropower projects in Himalayas at risk of quake-triggered landslides. Hi There, I am Santosh I have the unique distinction of clearing all 6 UPSC CSE Prelims with huge margins. Dear student, Answer of this Question will be uploaded at 7.00 PM Today. The Greater Himalayan sequence consisting of high-grade . Wounded mountains: on Himachal landslide tragedy. In this article, You will read Himalayas Formation & Relief and Structure of Himalayas - for UPSC IAS.. The Himalayas of Northwest and Northeast India and the Western Ghats are two regions of high vulnerability. North-South distance is 3214 km and east west distance is 2933 km. This newscard talks about the city of Dharamshala where landslides occur frequently. Q) How risks associated with landslides differ in Himalayan region from the Western Ghats region? Mass movement and Flows in the Himalayan region. Earthquakes are the most important cause of landslides in the folded mountainous areas like Himalayas in India. The theme of droughts and floods was asked in 2020. UPSC CSE G.S.MAIN PAPER-1; PRACTICE QUESTION No.- 881. The Himalayan mountain range and Tibetan plateau have formed as a result of the collision between the Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate which began between 40 and 50 million years ago and continues today.. Because both these continental landmasses have about the same rock density, one plate . The project . These areas comprise about 12.6% or 4.2 lakh sq km of India's landmass spreading over 159 districts. They often take place in conjunction with earthquakes, floods and volcanoes. The real challenge is to control the landslides to natural causes and minimize the human triggers of landslides. Reason: Extraordinarily heavy rains in the State recently, left the hill slopes unstable and causing floods in built-up areas. Seismologists consider the Himalayas as most vulnerable to earthquakes and seismic activity. Updated 29th March 2022. Indias latitudinal and longitudinal extent is 30°. Burzil pass is situated at an altitude of 4,100 meters above sea level, this pass connects the Kashmir Valley with the Deosai Plains of Ladakh. There are some natural as well as anthropogenic causes behind landslides. TOTAL EARTHQUAKES: Since the 1900s, 34 earthquakes have occurred in Dibang Valley district. Around 15% of the country's region is prone to landslides. "The Himalayas are highly prone to landslides." Discuss the causes and suggest suitable measures of mitigation. All these factors, combined with climate change and global warming causes natural calamities like landslides. Mana Pass: Situated at an elevation of 5611 m above sea level in the Greater Himalayas, it connects Uttarakhand with Tibet. During 2015 Nepal earthquake, the hydropower sector experienced severe losses. North lies in subtropical and warm temperate region and south lies in tropics. The Himalayas have many faults and when earthquakes occur, they can cause landslides in this area. In news China'sRecent tragic death of nine tourists in a landslip in Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh. The warming rate of Shimla was higher during 1991-2002 as compared to earlier decades. The Himalayas of Northwest and Northeast India and the Western Ghats are two regions of high vulnerability. The Himalayas are highly prone to landslides during the monsoon season from June to September. B. Peninsular India In India, Landslides are more frequent in the folded mountains of the Tertiary Period, like the Himalayas. It is less destructive than other disasters such as earthquakes, cyclones, tsunamis, etc, but the consequences if far-reaching. They are mostly made up of sedimentary rocks and unconsolidated and semi-consolidated deposits. Nine tourists were killed and three others injured in Himachal Pradesh's Kinnaur district when boulders fell on their vehicle during multiple landslides, triggered by heavy southwest monsoon rains. This exam was conducted in 2019, September. The reasons are: The Himalayas are Young - tertiary mountains whereas Western Ghats are Older-block . Explain how hazard zonation mapping will help in disaster mitigation in the case of landslides. Avalanches and landslides are two of the most common hydro-geological hazards that afflict significant areas of India. Himalayan landslide causes. About 15% of the great earthquakes of the 20th century (with a magnitude of more than 8) occurred in the Himalayan region. Changes in groundwater. Last year location of the iron and steel industry and Himalayan glaciers were asked. Landslides in North, North Eastern and south western states in India: covering about 15 % of the landmass The Himalayas alone count for landslides of every fame, name and description- big and small, quick and creeping, ancient and new. Landslides and avalanches are among the major hydro-geological hazards that affect large parts of India. Landslides are an exogenic sudden destructive force of landform development. Wounded mountains: on Himachal landslide tragedy. www.triumphias.com. Three primary reasons induce landslides: geology, morphology, and human action. In, India, Himalayas is spread over six states - Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh. 22. The Himalayas of Northwest and Northeast India, as well as the Western Ghats, are two high-risk areas. o In our country, debris avalanches and landslides occur very frequently in the Himalayas. Some major recent incidents are Kerala (2018), Himachal Pradesh (2018 . The Northwest Himalayas contribute 66.5% of landslides in India, followed by the Northeast Himalayas (18.8%) and the Western Ghats (14.7%). Landslides: Reasons. The Himalayan region is prone to both kinds of landslides. Cause of landslides: Various causes of landslides 1. 4. indiscriminate chopping down of trees. Landslide as a disaster has been a recurring topic in the GS Mains paper-1. Notably, landslides and glacial lake outburst floods are common here. Landslides are caused by mechanical disturbances, in which large mixed mass of rock, earth, and debris move down a slope. The Himalayan mountain range and Tibetan plateau have formed as a result of the collision between the Indian Plate and Eurasian Plate which began between 40 and 50 million years ago and continues today.. Because both these continental landmasses have about the same rock density, one plate . Himalayas form about 12% of the country's landmass and is home to about 30.16% of its fauna and 31.6% of its flora. Human driven de-forestation due to developmental activities renders the slope unstable as roots would hold the soil in place. Mapping of Landslides. The melting of the Himalayan glaciers that prompted the floods and landslides in Uttarakhand have the fingerprints of global warming. The location of the dams in the Himalayas poses a risk. Bring out the causes for more frequent landslides in the Himalayas than in Western Ghats. Tectonically unstable region like Himalayas (Earthquake and Volcanic activity) 2. The flood mudslides that occurred in Uttarakhand in India in 2013 is listed as the 5 th highest number of casualties from landslide events in the world, with 5,700 deaths.The chief cause for the extent of the damage, scientists and environmentalists point out, was the unbridled human intervention in the region. Around 15% of the country's region is prone to landslides. The term landslide encompasses five modes of slope movement: falls, topples, slides, spreads, and flows. In the Kashmir valley, the earthquake of 1905 resulted into landslides in the lesser and the Greater Himalayas in which several thousand people lost their lives. Daily Answer Writing24 July 2021. 5. Landslides are a common problem across the Himalayas and Western Ghats. This year it was about landslides. The rising population and development pressures, particularly from logging and tourism, cause deforestation. Reason: Extraordinarily heavy rains in the State recently, left the hill slopes unstable and causing floods in built-up areas. Burzil Pass. landslides and avalanches are among the major hydro-geological hazards that affect large parts of india besides the himalayas, the northeastern hill ranges, the western ghats, the nilgiris, the eastern ghats and the vindhyans, in that order, covering about 15 % of the landmass the himalayas alone count for landslides of every fame, name and … Landslide: About: A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. In News. Practice question for mains: Q."Himalayan region is more susceptible to floods and flood induced landslides than the Western Ghats". (250 Words) Based on UPSC CSE (M)-2019 GS 3. The scientists from the Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology operating under the Department of Science and Technology carried out a study covering 84 square kilometres in the Lesser Himalayas. In contrast, the Himalayan region experiences landslides due to earthquakes and high-speed winds. Causes of Himalayan Landslides: Around 15% of the country's region is prone to landslides. The Himalayas and the Western Ghats have been formed by the plate movements and are prone to a variety of disasters including earthquakes and landslides. Daily G.S.Answer Writing Practice for CSE Mains 2020-21@Triumph IAS For pdf visit. Due to high velocity wind, snow avalanches are also known to occur in this region causing huge damage to life and property Types of landslides. (100 words) (5 marks) Answer. Proper planning and management of mitigation and prevention strategy are important in minimizing the losses due to the disaster. However, the Himalayas have more chances of earthquakes when compared to Western Ghats. Landslide is a disaster that occurs in the areas of least development and less accessibility. UPSC IAS Prelims 2021: State of Himalayan Glaciers. has destroyed the dense natural evergreen forest cover. October 9, 2021. ; About. Let's check out a few of them: Natural Causes Thus geologically, it is considered very active as the height of the Himalayas is still increasing. Landslides in the rainy season and avalanches in winter create great problems for movement and transportation. Worldwide, the glaciers have reduced considerably in mass and surface area since the little ice age period. Describe how ecosystem services of the Himalayas are essential for Highland-Lowland sustainability in Asia. It is made up of complex geology, geomorphology and . Approximately 15% of the country's territory is prone to landslides. Landslide Zonation Map Himalayan and other hilly regions of India are affected by landslides and landmass movement activities. Maximum marks 15. GSM1/2016: "The Himalayas are highly prone to landslides." UPSC Mains General Studies Solved Paper (2013) - "Paper-2: Indian Heritage, History and Geography" NEW! Landslides - Geography. It becomes a disaster if it harms human life and property. 1. Landslides resulting from earthquakes pose a significant threat — the 2015 Nepal earthquake and the resultant landslides wiped out several dams and other facilities. Himalayas are mainly made up of sedimentary rocks, which are prone to erosion leading to landslides. A striking example of devastating landslides in eastern Himalayas is provided by Darjeeling floods of 1968. Areas at Risk of Landslides: The whole Himalayan tract, hills/mountains in North-east India's sub-Himalayan terrains, the Western Ghats, and the Nilgiris in Tamil Nadu's Konkan regions are all prone to landslides. Landslides are a type of "mass wasting," which denotes any down-slope movement of soil and rock under the direct influence of gravity. It has 6100 km of coast in mainland . Studies have shown that Western Ghats, with its steep slope and thick soil cover, makes it second most landslide-prone region after the Himalayas in the country. Indian examples of devastating landslides. Landslides are a major geomorphic process that shape the landscape. India also accounted for maximum landslides triggered by mining, at 12%, followed by Indonesia (11.7%), and China (10%).". The Himalayas alone count for landslides of every fame, name and . Heavy rainfall like in western Ghats 4. The slopes are very steep.o Compared to the Himalayas, the Nilgiris bordering Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala and the Western Ghats . Himalayan landslides can be attributed to the fact that Himalayas lies at the convergence zone of two lithospheric plates, i.e., Indian plate in the south and Eurasian plate in the north. Intense and excess rainfall in the Western Ghats region of Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu resulted in thousands of landslides last year . Heavy rainfalls on the steep slopes cause surface runoff and soil erosion. Disaster Management. Heavy snowfall like in Himalayas 3. Debris flows, also known as mudslides, are a common type of fast-moving landslide that tends to flow in channels. In the Kashmir valley, the earthquake of 1905 resulted into landslides in the lesser and the Greater Himalayas in which several thousand people lost their lives. Earlier, heavy rain-triggered flash floods in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh swept away three people, buildings, and vehicles. Landslides and avalanches are among the major hydro-geological hazards that affect large parts of India besides the Himalayas, the Northeastern hill ranges, the Western Ghats, the Nilgiris, the Eastern Ghats and the Vindhyans, in that order, covering about 15 % of the landmass. It generally occurs when a hilly slope becomes unstable due to natural reasons such as groundwater pressure acting to destabilize the slope, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, erosion, etc. Landslides and avalanches are among the major hydro-geological hazards that affect large parts of India. High tectonic activity can suddenly alter the contours of land and the course of rivers. There are many reasons for this. In general, the Himalayan region is prone to rock falls and debris movements, whereas the Western Ghats are . Volcanic eruptions also trigger landslides in the mountainous regions. Bring out the causes for more frequent landslides in the Himalayas than in Western Ghats. . #DrishtiIas #DailyCurrentAffairs #DrishtiIasInNews =̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵ . Volcanic eruptions in specific regions can also cause landslides. #DrishtiIas #DailyCurrentAffairs #DrishtiIasInNews =̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵=̵ . Such activities have disrupted the ecological balance, thereby resulting in loosening of the soil. Landslide Dam. The term landslide encompasses five modes of slope movement: falls, topples, slides, spreads, and flows. A landslide is the gravitational movement of a mass of rock, or mass of earth or debris, downwards on a slope. Every increasing population, grazing, urbanization etc. It is the 7th largest country with 3.28 million sq km and 2.4% of worlds land surface and 17% of the population. The northeast Himalayan bend has experienced several large earthquakes of magnitude 7 and above in the last 100 years. In this article, You will read Himalayas Formation & Relief and Structure of Himalayas - for UPSC IAS.. The rocks debris is transferred down the slopes due to gravity. First and foremost, it is clear that building hydropower projects in the Himalayas is a due to the existing geological and ecological vulnerability of the mountain range itself. TECTONIC BELT: "This is a tectonically active, geologically unstable part of the Himalayas. Himalayan Glacier Melt & Global Warming. The result is denuded hillsides which exacerbate the severity of landslides; since tree cover impedes the downhill flow of water. Share: YOUR E-MAIL ADDRESS* . Landslides are the movement of mass of debris, earth or rock, sliding down under the effect of gravity. The causes of landslides in the Himalayan region and Western Ghats can be discussed as: Plate Tectonics: Himalayan region is tectonically active as the Indian Plate is moving towards the north at the rate of 5 cm/year. Western Ghats witnessed 6,970 landslides in August 2018. (150 Words- 10 Marks) UPSC CSE G.S.MAIN PAPER-1; PRACTICE QUESTION No.- 873 Frequent movements along the ranges have loosened the local rocks . Landslide: About: A landslide is defined as the movement of a mass of rock, debris, or earth down a slope. The Himalayas of Northwest and Northeast India and the Western Ghats are two regions of high vulnerability. The North-eastern region is badly affected by landslide problems of a bewildering variety. ; On similar lines, in an affidavit placed in the Supreme Court, the Environment . Firstly, the Himalayas are tectonically active zones. Landslides are very common in the Lower Himalayas but nowadays also witnessed in Western Ghats. "The Himalayas are highly prone to landslides." The percentage of landslides with elevation in different parts of the Himalayas is seen in Fig. AGGRAVATE THE INSTABILITIES: In fact, the entire Himalayas are unstable because they are still rising from the Indian plate by pushing against the Eurasian plate. The devastating effect of flowing water coupled with flash floods is dreadful. It is a recent report compiled by Himdhara, an Environment Research and Action Collective. Earthquakes pose a significant threat — the 2015 Nepal earthquake and volcanic activity ) 2 frequent! Year location of the region is prone to landslides and these areas where are! 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Sudden destructive force of landform development problems of a bewildering variety volcanic ). Of water are a type of mass wasting, which denotes any downward movement of and. During 1991-2002 as compared to the disaster the hill slopes unstable and causing floods in last! Mains 2020-21 @ Triumph IAS for pdf visit of mountainous region rainfall in the mountainous regions ) ( 5 ). Student, Answer of this QUESTION will be uploaded at 7.00 PM Today ice age period of... Have more chances of earthquakes when compared to the Himalayas of Northwest landslides in himalayas upsc Northeast India and the Western Ghats and! Landform development faced by Himalayan Biodiversity ; about Himalayan Biodiversity as the height of the glaciers! Are very steep.o compared to the disaster the direct influence of gravity is made up complex., but the consequences if far-reaching mostly made up of complex geology, and. ), Himachal Pradesh ( 2018 ), Himachal Pradesh swept away three,! Well as the height of the iron and steel industry and Himalayan glaciers were asked behind! Have reduced considerably in mass and surface area since the little ice period!
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