"Nuclear weapons are only used to repress a nuclear attack in Indian territory or any part on Indian forces," was the key in the doctrine. (Source: President of India) Defence Minister Rajnath Singh said Friday that while India has strictly adhered to Atal Bihari Vajpayee's doctrine of 'No First Use' (NFU) of nuclear weapons . What is the meaning of nuclear doctrine? Historical Background nuclear doctrine offers short- to medium-term stability. The 2020 doctrine presents four scenarios which might justify the use of Russian nuclear weapons: -- the use of nuclear weapons or weapons of mass destruction against Russia or its allies; The United States and Russia maintain thousands of nuclear weapon on alert, and more than 95 percent of the world's total inventory of nuclear weapons. The idea behind MAD is that the horror and destruction from nuclear weapons is enough to deter aggressive action and war. It begins with a brief summary of recent developments related to Russia's nuclear forces, then is divided into five sections. India's nuclear doctrine was purely retaliatory in nature. 1. Since 1998, more than 15 years have passed and in the Indian sub-continent, nuclear arsenals have grown far beyond the . It mistakenly assesses that the threat of nuclear escalation or actual first use of nuclear . According to Russia's military doctrine, the former Soviet empire "shall reserve the right to use nuclear weapons in response to the use of nuclear and other types of weapons of mass destruction against it and/or its allies, as well as in the event of aggression against the Russian Federation with the use of conventional weapons when the . The Indian nuclear doctrine, in that sense, is well articulated — on paper. A nuclear doctrine states how a nuclear weapon state would employ its nuclear weapons both during peace and war. The key features of the proposed nuclear doctrine are reproduced below:14. In 2019, Biden stated that the "sole purpose of the U.S. nuclear arsenal should be deterring—and, if necessary, retaliating against—a nuclear attack.". India, as a responsible nuclear weapon state, is committed as per its nuclear doctrine, to maintain credible minimum deterrence with the posture of no-first use and non-use against non-nuclear weapon states, he said. The key policy goal of Pakistan's nuclear weapons capability is to deter Indian conventional as well as nuclear aggression. The Truman Doctrine, 1947 With the Truman Doctrine, President Harry S. Truman established that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces. nuclear weapons are cold war weapons designed by states to deter other states. The nuclear doctrine is robust. Nuclear Doctrine, in general, is how a country with a nuclear weapon uses the weapon in peace and at the time of war. 47 Though the 7-page document is much shorter than U.S. Nuclear Posture Reviews, it plays a similar role as a publicly available statement of the situations under which a country would use its nuclear weapons. In addition, reverse-engineering its nuclear doctrine can highlight security concerns of the DPRK. This has led some Western analysts to argue that Russia now has a low threshold for nuclear war: a terrifying proposition. The Nuclear Doctrine of India is based on the principle that India will only use a nuclear weapon in retaliation to a country's attempt of attacking India, its states or its army with a nuclear weapon. Scope This publication provides guidance for nonstrategic nuclear force employment. India's nuclear doctrine can be summarized as follows: Building and maintaining a credible minimum deterrent which refers to the number of nuclear forces that India needs to deter potential nuclear adversaries. Nuclear doctrine encompasses the goals and missions that guide the deployment and use of nuclear weapons, that determine each Nuclear Weapon States' (NWS) force structure, declaratory policy and diplomacy. Doctrine. India's nuclear doctrine was formally announced by the Government on 4 Jan 2003.The two nuclear tests conducted by India in 1974 and 1998 was not directed against any country but was conducted to reassure the people of India about their security. Thus, it offers clues for negotiation leading to the ultimate dismantlement of the DPRK's nuclear weapon programs. In some ways, this release is unprecedented. As tensions between Russia and the West have grown over the last two years, Kremlin officials have appeared to emphasize Russia's nuclear capacity and perhaps even threaten its use. The doctrine was formally adopted in January, 2003, and says that nuclear weapons will only be used in retaliation against a nuclear attack on Indian territory or on Indian forces anywhere. Russian strategy and doctrine emphasize the potential coercive and military uses of nuclear weapons. evolving doctrine seems to indicate that Russia has potentially placed a greater reliance on nuclear weapons and may threaten to use them during regional conflicts. The document was a draft being revised to be consistent with the Bush doctrine of preemptive attack. A nuclear doctrine states how a nuclear weapon state would employ its nuclear weapons both during peace and war. A nuclear doctrine is information on how a nuclear weapon state would deploy its nuclear weapons during both peace and war. A doctrine is meant to explain how material capabilities can be used to achieve policy goals. Pleasing Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu and terrifying almost everybody else, President Trump is threatening nuclear war against North Korea . With New Delhi deliberately downgrading its relations with Islamabad - by withdrawing India's High . This is particularly important since Russia has expanded its nuclear capability, and has espoused a doctrine of limited first use, meaning the use of low-yield tactical nuclear warheads, Soofer . Nations and their leaderships change with the efflux of time. This dubious proposition is grounded in the notion that a low-yield weapon could more readily be used as a threat, or actually dropped on a target, without sparking nuclear retaliation by another nuclear power. It includes all the missions that guide nuclear weapons usage. But what does this mean in concrete policy terms, and is it an accurate description of Russia's nuclear doctrine? The main. It guides the state's response during the war when deterrence fails. On 02 June 2020, Russian President Vladimir Putin approved the Fundamentals of State Policy in the Field of Nuclear Deterrence. Put simply, Indian decision-makers categorically rejected the idea of initiating the use of nuclear weapons in any conflict scenario. The new nuclear doctrine that was presented by the Secretary of Defense James Schlesinger and soon known as the Schlesinger Doctrine had two major components. By communicating to the enemy its stated intentions and resolve, nuclear doctrines help states to establish deterrence vis-à-vis its adversary during peace and once deterrence fails, guides the state's response during war. This narrow, well-defined role for . Such a threat is envisioned as deterring the United States and its allies from involvement in conflicts in which Russia has an important stake, and in this . October 12, 2017. The following is the March 1, 2022 Congressional Research Service report, Russia's Nuclear Weapons: Doctrine, Forces, and Modernization. Historical Background India's nuclear policy is based on the doctrine of 'Credible minimum deterrence' which underscores no first use and an assured minimum deterrence capability. Ans. The Nuclear doctrine of Pakistan is a theoretical concept of military strategy that promotes deterrence by guaranteeing an immediate "massive retaliation" to an aggressive attack against the state.. Pakistan's foreign minister Shamshad Ahmad had warned that if Pakistan is ever invaded or attacked, it will use "any weapon in its arsenal" to defend itself. Before we discuss the nuclear doctrine of Pakistan it would be appropriate to dilate somewhat on the factors that have conceived the concept which . Russian Nuclear Doctrine. India shall pursue a doctrine of credible minimum deterrence. The policy establishes India as a responsible nuclear power in the world. This report seeks to advise this debate by providing information about Russia's nuclear doctrine, its current nuclear force structure, and its ongoing nuclear modernization programs. [1] It was done to ensure that, India was never subjected to nuclear coercion. 46 Lin has emphasised the "Chineseness" of the nuclear doctrine in which China has shown minimalism, ambiguity, flexibility, and patience in which there is a small pro-triad but deliberate ambiguity about targeting and launch doctrine. The January 2003 document was India's first official pronouncement regarding its nuclear doctrine, though components of the doctrine were earlier announced by the government on different occasions after India became a nuclear weapons power in 1998. From the report Russia's nuclear forces consist of both . Beliefs and principles are not immutable. Speaking at the Conference on Disarmament, at 75th Session of the First Committee of the United Nations General Assembly, India… The doctrine helps to establish deterrence vis-à-vis adversary. Abstract. This draft has, with minor alterations, effectively become India's nuclear doctrine.5 The official acceptance of this nuclear doctrine came alongside the declaration of a National Command Authority (NCA) comprising Nuclear doctrine encompasses the goals and missions that guide the deployment and use of nuclear weapons, that determine each Nuclear Weapon States' (NWS) force structure, declaratory policy and diplomacy. The Doctrine for Joint Nuclear Operations was a U.S. Department of Defense document publicly discovered in 2005 on the circumstances under which commanders of U.S. forces could request the use of nuclear weapons. India and Pakistan both states are nuclear weapon states and play a significant role in peace of South Asia. America's nuclear doctrine. Generally, a doctrine refers to a set of principles (political, scientific, or religious) presented within and held as a belief system by a group. We know surprisingly little about North Korean nuclear doctrine apart from what the regime itself has said directly on the issue. Nuclear weapons deterrence was developed in the Cold War primarily on the basis of what was called 'mutually assured destruction' (MAD). Nuclear Doctrine, Strategy and Policy Eight re-entry vehicles (RVs) fly towards the ground after release from a single US Peacekeeper missile over the Kwajalein Atoll in the Pacific. Reluctant Member of the Nuclear Club Faced with the prospect of having to confront nuclear-armed China and Pakistan, with both of which it had fought wars over unresolved territorial disputes, India conducted a series of nuclear tests at Pokhran, Rajasthan, on May 11 and 13, 1998, and declared itself a state armed with nuclear . India's obscure nuclear doctrine of 'No First Use' (NFU) had evolved over the years since it was first declared in 1999 by NSAB's (Nuclear Security Advisory Board) in the 'Draft Nuclear Doctrine'(DND) that forms the very basis of the official Indian nuclear doctrine. The basic principle of India's nuclear doctrine is "No First Use". Like Obama, Trump would consider using nuclear weapons only in . The phrase "escalate to de-escalate" first surfaced in the summer of 2015. Without naming potential adversaries, Russia is now more explicit about the regional scenarios that could lead to nuclear warfare. Contents 1 Doctrine 2 Overview India developed its nuclear weapon in 1974 and named . During the editing process of the new nuclear doctrine, a debate was triggered among . The US Nuclear Posture Reviews (NPR) are the nation's primary statements of nuclear weapons policy, and each has been debated closely. After the 1998 nuclear test when India declared itself a nuclear weapon state, it also enunciated a doctrine of 'no first use' of nuclear weapons. India's Nuclear Doctrine: Need for a Review. Nuclear doctrine is an important piece of paper for policy maker in war like situation or in unstable situation. Since the adoption of nuclear doctrine, India has said consistently that its nuclear weapons were based on staggering and punitive retaliation, in case the . Apart from the Military Doctrine, it postulated two missions for Russian nuclear forces, viz, deterrence of a large-scale attack against Russia, and 'de-escalation' of a limited conflict if . What is the truth about India's No First Use nuclear strike policy? The existing nuclear policy or doctrine has more to do with foreign policy than security imperatives. Needless to add, Pakistan is not the only country of concern for nuclear India. According to Russia's military doctrine, the former Soviet empire "shall reserve the right to use nuclear weapons in response to the use of nuclear and other types of weapons of mass destruction against it and/or its allies, as well as in the event of aggression against the Russian Federation with the use of conventional weapons when the . During a recent briefing to the US Congress, US Deputy Secretary of Defense for Planning Ms. Sasha Baker has told the US lawmakers that America's adversaries including China, Russia, Iran, and North Korea all are pursuing advancements in their nuclear capabilities, while both China and Russia are developing . What is Nuclear Doctrine? When was India declared a nuclear state? At first glance, the logic behind Pakistan's nuclear policy is not too far removed from NATO's so-called "tactical" nuclear doctrine, which, beginning in the early 1950s, was designed to . PREFACE i For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: 1. This doctrine has led some U.S. analysts to conclude that Russia has adopted an In 2013, the U.S. government announced that its nuclear war plans would be "consistent with the fundamental principles of the Law of Armed Conflict" and would "apply the principles of distinction and proportionality and seek to minimize collateral damage to civilian populations and civilian objects." If properly applied, these legal principles can have a profound impact on U . A nuclear doctrine would consequently consist of a set of principles, rules and instructions for the employment or non-employment of nuclear weapons and other systems associated with those weapons. nuclear doctrine has experienced a process of evolution from anti-nuclear blackmail to minimum deterrence. The Trump nuclear doctrine breaks with Obama's in ending his push to reduce the role of nuclear weapons in US defense policy. Ans. These schools of thought have influenced the creation of a doctrine focused on, among other things . Trump's Scary Nuclear Doctrine. The first was the effort to provide more credible deterrence and escalation control through the development of a wider array of planned limited nuclear options. According to this policy, nuclear weapons will only be used in retaliation against a nuclear attack on the Indian Territory or. December 5, 2014. The doctrine also guides the state's response during war. The new nuclear doctrine's deepening of the commitment to regional targeting beyond nuclear facilities, and lowering the bar for when nuclear weapons could be used—even pre-emptively—raise important questions about nuclear targeting and international law. The nuclear doctrine is robust. Nuclear weapons are a core component of NATO's overall capabilities for deterrence and defence, alongside conventional and missile defence forces. India will build and maintain a credible minimum deterrent. Until this week, the mechanism and . During the 10-month long Indian and Pakistani military mobilization of 2001-02, one of the earliest casualties was the official channel of communication between the two states. This statement has raised apprehensions on the likely revision of India's NFU policy and nuclear doctrine. Doctrine for Joint Theater Nuclear Operations Joint Pub 3-12.1 9 February 1996. Thus, on the surface, the term nuclear doctrine may seem to imply that all adhere to a particular set of beliefs or perceptions about nuclear technology, nuclear energy, or nuclear war, for instance. However, the 2018 NPR is unusual in that it has been subject not only to debate about the rectitude of its policies, but also about what those policies actually are. NATO is committed to arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation, but as long as nuclear weapons exist, it will remain a nuclear alliance. What are Russia's plans for its nuclear weapons? Nuclear Doctrine, Declaratory Policy, and Escalation Control. It seems to have confirmed that its updated nuclear doctrine is less focused on East Asia, South Asia and the Middle East. Subsequently, in 2003after a review by the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) […] Russian President Vladimir Putin's veiled threats to use his nuclear arsenal if the West comes to Ukraine's aid in the current fighting highlight a new military doctrine called "escalate to . The policy specifies that India would not use nuclear weapons only against a nuclear powered state. ; A posture of "No First Use" nuclear weapons will only be used in retaliation against a nuclear attack on Indian territory or on Indian forces anywhere; counterforce doctrine, in nuclear strategy, the targeting of an opponent's military infrastructure with a nuclear strike. The NSAB submitted a draft nuclear doctrine paper to the government that was released to the public for wider debate on August 17, 1999. It is written for those who: a. Russian President Vladimir Putin said at the weekend that his nation's nuclear forces should be put on high alert, raising fears that Russia's invasion of Ukraine . The counterforce doctrine is differentiated from the countervalue doctrine, which targets the enemy's cities, destroying its civilian population and economic base. India's nuclear doctrine was first enunciated following a Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) meeting in January 2003. China's nuclear doctrine is the product of four different schools of thought: the self-defensive nuclear doctrine, the minimum nuclear deterrence doctrine, the counter-nuclear coercion doctrine, and, finally, a doctrine of limited deterrence. Liu says that minimal nuclear deterrence is compatible with China's strategic culture. Rather than attempting such a radical change to U.S. nuclear doctrine, there is much the task force can do to ensure the country retains a credible nuclear force. In a bipolar context, it was the instrument of a rebalancing in favor of Western powers, especially . . However, the doctrine made it clear that the "nuclear repressive-nuclear strike in India" is massive and aimed at inflicting intolerable damage. It requires no review. 22 Feb, 2021, 05.40 PM IST. Through the nuclear doctrine a state can communicate its intention and resolve to the enemy. India's draft doctrine at the moment has the following key features: While committed to the goal of a nuclear weapon free world through global, verifiable and non-discriminatory nuclear disarmament, India, till the realisation of this goal, will possess nuclear weapons. There are mainly two types of nuclear doctrine offensive and defensive. The doctrine made it clear that India's "nuclear retaliation to a first strike will be massive and designed to inflict unacceptable damage". The barely concealed premise of this emerging nuclear doctrine is a desire to make U.S. nuclear weapons more usable. Hot Topics April 23, 2022 | Ukraine War, April 23, 2022: Future of France and Europe hangs in the balance in Macron-Le Pen run-off; latest poll results; April 22, 2022 | Ukraine War, April 22, 2022: Der Spiegel interview with Olaf Scholz; Future of France, and EU and NATO war effort in Ukraine at stake in French run-off on April 24; April 21, 2022 | Ukraine War, April 21, 2022 (II) Biden's . Provide strategic direction to joint forces Unlike in the U.S., where Americans generally believe nuclear weapons should never be used, Russia incorporates nuclear weapons into its warfighting doctrine. From the report Russia's nuclear forces consist of both . . In June 2020 Russia made its nuclear doctrine more transparent in terms of why, when and how it would use nuclear weapons. (A happy exception, and one that I draw on liberally here, is the new book edited by Kim Chull Sung and Michael Cohen, North Korea and Nuclear Weapons, and particularly Kim's own essay on the topic).Outside of the cryptic Nuclear Weapons State Law, these . The following is the Congressional Research Service April 21, 2022 report Russia's Nuclear Weapons: Doctrine, Forces, and Modernization. It could start by answering Aspin . The counterforce doctrine asserts that a nuclear war can be limited and that it can be fought and won. March 3, 2022 - Russia's nuclear doctrine presents four scenarios which could justify the use of nuclear weapons, including being faced with overwhelming conventional forces. doctrine in August 1999 which reflected India's desire to push for great power status. India's Nuclear Doctrine Archives TOPIC: General studies 3 Security challenges and their management in border areas In News: India has said that it is committed to no first use of strategic weapons under its nuclear doctrine. Some of the main features of India's nuclear doctrine are - Building and maintaining a credible minimum deterrent; A No First Use posture i.e nuclear weapons to be used only in retaliation against a nuclear attack on Indian . The Truman Doctrine effectively reoriented U.S. foreign policy, away from its usual stance of withdrawal from regional conflicts not . Q.2. And circumstances require their national doctrines to be revisited, reviewed . The role of a review is fundamental to the doctrines of the nuclear weapons countries. There are five major parts in China's nuclear doctrine: policy of declaration, nuclear development, nuclear deployment, nuclear employment, and nuclear disarmament. 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